He was the commander of the Deutsches Afrika Korps and also became known by the nickname "The Desert Fox" for the skillful military campaigns he waged on behalf of the German Army in North Africa. His most prominent work, it is popularly known for its extended length and the notion of involuntary memory, the most famous example being the "episode of the madeleine". Japanese city in which the second atomic bomb was dropped (August 9, 1945). an aerial battle fought in World War II in 1940 between the German Luftwaffe (air force), which carried out extensive bombing in Britain, and the British Royal Air Force, which offered successful resistance. The Loyalists and their international volunteers fled, or were captured, tortured and murdered. creating and saving your own notes as you read. to lead the African installment of the Spanish army against the republic. Spain spent much of the 1920s under the dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera, and the economic hardships caused by the Great Depression intensified polarization within the Spanish public. Discount, Discount Code In the ensuing years, the government became increasingly divided between the socialists of the extreme left and the monarchists of the extreme right. Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! A methodical plan orchestrated by Hitler to ensure German supremacy. The uprising consisted of military action between the existing republican government and a nationalist faction led by a military General called Francisco Franco. By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. SparkNotes PLUS Quiz & Worksheet - The Spanish Civil War | Study.com Check your understanding of major events and issues leading up to, during and after the Spanish Civil War with an interactive quiz and. the German air force before and during World War II. Politically, their differences often found extreme and vehement expression in parties such as the Fascist-oriented Falange and the militant anarchists. They decided to The painting makes a big impact, both emotionally and physically. steadily waned. leadership. The Algeciras Conference was begun by Germany after it had tested the new French-British understanding by sending a warship to the Tangier where Kaiser William II made a speech favoring Moroccan independence. He supported the rebels against the Germany and Italy sent troops, tanks, and planes to aid the Nationalists. The union of Austria with Germany, resulting from the occupation of Austria by the German army in 1938. a region of Czechoslovakia where many Germans lived; demanded by Hitler in 1938 to have control of this land; when Czechs refused, Hitler threatened war. Corrections? Peace was kept through the partition of the Ottoman Empire; Russians obtained Batum and Kars, won independence for the Serbs and Romanians, recognized Montenegro as an independent state, and divided Bulgaria into three zones still within the Ottoman Empire, Austria-Hungary was to "occupy and administer" Bosnia, Britain received Cyprus (a large island), France was told they might expand from Algeria into Tunisia, Italy got cheated out of anything, and Germany got nothing. The Nationalists drove a salient eastward through Teruel, reaching the Mediterranean and splitting the republic in two in April 1938. The Spanish Civil War Began on July 17th, 1936 The mutiny in July 1936 by army units stationed in Spanish Morocco was the prelude to a three-year bloody civil war. The revolt quickly became a civil war. However, many other invasions and operations had a designated D-Day, both before and after Operation Overlord. The right reacted with fervor. respected and very professional soldier. disagreed with the leftist efforts at army reform, and viewed with distaste the On the other side, the Republican, were urban workers, most agricultural labourers, and many of the educated middle class. In 1934 there was widespread labour conflict and a bloody uprising by miners in Asturias that was suppressed by troops led by General Francisco Franco. Want 100 or more? The final wartime meeting of the leaders of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union was held at Potsdamn, outside Berlin, in July, 1945. (2002) Compare and contrast the religious policies of TWO of the following: Elizabeth I of England Catherine de Medicis of France Isabella I of Spain The English Civil War . The Cuban movement for independence from Spain in 1895 garnered considerable American support. A succession of governmental crises culminated in the elections of February 16, 1936, which brought to power a Popular Front government supported by most of the parties of the left and opposed by the parties of the right and what remained of the centre. If a sentence contains an incorrect comma, draw a caret (^) over the comma, and write the correct punctuation above the caret. Their blanket bombing on April 26, 1937 of the Basque town of Guernica was a tragedy not only for the Basques, but for the whole world., now introduced to a new tactic the deliberate bombing of unwarned civilians. He ruled a military dictatorship until his death in 1975. in Spain's Second Republic was an electoral coalition and pact signed in January 1936 by various left-wing political organizations, instigated by Manuel Azaa for the purpose of contesting that year's election. Stalins Soviet Union fed the Loyalists supplies and armaments, for which it required payment in full, and in gold. They would wait for 36 years, for Franco remained in power Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. In 1936 the Spanish Civil War began. their involvement, and hundreds of airplanes were sent, along with tanks and (p. 793), Crucial naval battle which stopped the Japanese march across the Pacific, first time all fighting was done by carrier based aircraft. ammunition, and was beset by incompetent junior officers and political factions On October 1, 1936, he was named head of state and set up a government in Burgos. a political slogan used by Irish nationalists in the latter nineteenth and early twentieth century. Thanks for creating a SparkNotes account! Nationally, representatives supposedly devised the country's plans for Italy's economic self-sufficiency. When the USS Maine sank, the United States believed the tragedy was the result of Spanish sabotage and declared war on Spain. Politically, the territories belonged to the Austrian Empire until 1918, from 1918 to 1938 to Czechoslovakia, from 1938 to 1945 to Germany, from 1945 until 1993 again to Czechoslovakia and since 1993 to the Czech Republic. 100 Years' War Four causes are a dynastic dispute, Duchy of Aquitaine (England claim as ancient inheritance, Edward III claim Aquitaine and FR throne as edest heir of Philip the Frair), civil war in FR made war longer, economic factors (Flanders wool important to ENG). Create your own unique website with customizable templates. The ever-cautious democracies, fearful of war, would not intervene, even to provide the Spanish government with weapons and supplies. The Printer Friendly. AP European History Textbook . He gained notoriety chiefly for being one of the SS physicians who supervised the selection of arriving transports of prisoners, determining who was to be killed and who was to become a forced labourer, and for performing human experiments of dubious scientific value on camp inmates, amongst whom Mengele was known as the Angel of Death. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. TO CANCEL YOUR SUBSCRIPTION AND AVOID BEING CHARGED, YOU MUST CANCEL BEFORE THE END OF THE FREE TRIAL PERIOD. The Schlieffen Plan was constructed by Germany to deal with fighting a two-front war. For Germany and Italy, Spain was a testing ground for new methods of tank and air warfare. Dont have an account? Mola organized for military action in Pamplona, while Franco traveled to Morocco France During the Inter-War Years (1919-1938). It was Hitler's ultimate goal behind the Holocaust. aircraft and Soviet military advisors. was a Russian painter, printmaker and art theorist. consolidated support for the republic, and by May 1937 were entrenched in Below is the article summary. It was the first disarmament conference in history, and is studied by political scientists as a model for a successful disarmament movement. The Spanish Civil War by Antony Beevor Beevor's concise and detailed account of the Spanish Civil War presents the complex mix of events in a clear manner, using a smooth and readable narrative with an excellent appraisal of both the broader situations and the difficulties faced by individual soldiers. Both the Nationalist and Republican sides, seeing themselves as too weak to win a quick victory, turned abroad for help. Corrections? They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. an alliance of left-wing movements, including the French Communist Party (PCF), the Socialist SFIO and the Radical and Socialist Party, during the interwar period. Sarmad Kako 7th period DBQ Essay The Thirty Years War devastated all of Europe from 1618-1648. In 1933, new elections produced a rightist government which promptly undid earlier reforms. Example 1. Sometimes it can end up there. Whither thou goest, I will go, as it says in Ruth 111 161616. Continue to start your free trial. The dictatorships, however, intervened vigorously. March 3, 2023, SNPLUSROCKS20 His third period as Prime Minister was during the crisis of the Great Depression when he formed a "National Government" in which a majority of MPs were from the Conservatives, and as a result he was expelled from the Labour Party. Subscribe now. one of the major German-language fiction writers of the 20th century. (1874-1965) He was the British prime minister during World War II and won a Noble prize for literature. You can view our. However, in cities unprotected by the Civil Guard, the There were two battles of El Alamein, both during 1942. the killing of approximately six million European Jews during World War II, as part of a program of deliberate extermination planned and executed by the Nazi regime in Germany led by Adolf Hitler. Triple Entente The Triple Entente refers to the unofficial alliance between England, France, and Russia, created to counter the alliance Triple Alliance. It has been estimated that Picasso produced about 13,500 paintings or designs, 100,000 prints or engravings, 34,000 book illustrations and 300 sculptures or ceramics. The start date of Operation Overlord. One of the most famous 20th-century artists, he is credited with painting the first modern abstract works. He ruled a military dictatorship until his death in 1975. During the first weeks of the war, the Popular Front government of France also supported the Republicans, but internal opposition forced a change of policy. A dreadnought is a battleship designed but the British at first to maintain their powerful navy over the rest of Europe. One of the most recognized figures in 20th century art, he is best known as the co-founder, along with Georges Braque, of cubism. How was the Spanish Civil War a preview for World War II? Bismarck signed the Reinsurance Treaty with Russia in 1887 to ensure Germany's safety. The Paris Fair would give him an opportunity to bring the atrocities visited on the defenseless people of Guernica to the attention of the world, and so he set to work. Britain, as a result, stood by France all the more firmly. Economists consider him one of the main founders of modern theoretical macroeconomics. Franz Ferdinand was emperor of Austria from 1896 until his death. Because the Russians held the line, the Germans were pushed back, and never recovered. Then, use the word and definition to create a matching quiz. AP European History Past Exam Questions Free-Response Questions Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. He was executed with his family shortly thereafter in 1918. The ship had ten guns and was bigger and faster than previous ships. Under the barrage of nationalist attack Barcelona fell, during Spanish Civil War, (193639), military revolt against the Republican government of Spain, supported by conservative elements within the country. The captaincy of the Nationalists was gradually assumed by General Franco, leading forces he had brought from Morocco. The Spanish Civil War (18 July 1936 - 1 April 1939) was a civil war between Republicans and Nationalists. Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their group membership. While there, Hemingway broke his friendship with John Dos Passos because, despite warnings, Dos Passos continued to report on the atrocities of not only the fascist Nationalists whom Hemingway disliked, but also of the elected, left-leaning Republicans whom he favored. the Royal Irish Constabulary Reserve Force, which was one of two paramilitary forces employed by the Royal Irish Constabulary from 1920 to 1921, to suppress revolution in Ireland by targeting the IRA. The ship had ten guns and was bigger and faster than previous ships. Government of the unoccupied part of France after the countries defeat by Germany, French general and statesman who became very popular during World War II as the leader of the Free French forces in exile (1890-1970). A German term used by Hitler to describe the German people, Hitler's expansionist theory based on a drive to acquire "living space" for the German people, made up by Italy, France, and Britain to keep the status quo in Europe when Hitler decided to rearm Germany, this was a report generated by a League of Nations to try to determine the causes of the Manchurian Incident which led to the Empire of Japan's seizure of Manchuria; it condemned Japan for resorting to force, but the powers were unwilling to impose sanctions; Japan then withdrew from the league and kept Manchuria, these were Fascists in Spain; they lost the 1936 elections; as a result, Francisco Franco led an army against the republic; this coup d'etat was successful and Franco became the dictator of Spain. The D-Day invasion began on the 5 beaches of this region. Kafka's works - including the stories Das Urteil (1913, "The Judgement"), In der Strafkolonie (1920, "In the Penal Colony"); the novella Die Verwandlung ("The Metamorphosis"); and unfinished novels Der Prozess ("The Trial") and Das Schlo ("The Castle") - have come to embody the blend of absurd, surreal and mundane which gave rise to the adjective "kafkaesque". an architect, author and high-ranking Nazi German government official, sometimes called "the first architect of the Third Reich"; had a close personal relationship with Hitler. Franco's wing You'll be billed after your free trial ends. Term Paper, AP European History Class, April 2007 Table of Contents I. His analysis and critique of the European and German soul use modernized German and Biblical stories, as well as the ideas of Goethe, Nietzsche, and Schopenhauer, One of a group of intellectual philosophers of the 1920's in Vienna who believed in logical positivism. defensive positions in a triangle of cities with the points in Madrid, Valencia, Civil Guard was present. Five; lovely; great-aunts. It was the first World War II conference among the Big Three (the Soviet Union, the United States, and the United Kingdom) in which Stalin was present. A diverse bunch,. There were Four Irish Home Rule Bills passed by Great Britain, and they allowed for a greater amount of Irish control over Ireland. One cause was that Spain wanted Independence The Bulgarians claimed more of Macedonia than the Serbs wanted, leading to tension in the Balkans. It was called by the General Council of the Trades Union Congress (TUC) in an unsuccessful attempt to force the government to act to prevent wage reduction and worsening conditions for coal miners. About 500,000 people died in the war, and all Spaniards were deeply scarred by the trauma. This occupation cost the French the good will of the United Kingdom and the United States, who presumably thought this was too harsh an action and not warranted by the circumstances. In August 1936, France joined Britain, the Soviet Union, Germany, and Italy in signing a nonintervention agreement that would be ignored by the Germans, Italians, and Soviets. On April 1, 1945, they invaded Okinawa, only 300 miles south of the Japanese home islands. The Spanish civil war is one of the most famous coups in the world and took place between July of 1936 and April of 1939. Cornell Notes Topic / Objective: Name: Jack Andrew Joa The Spanish Civil War Class: Chapter 23.4 Notes Period: Date: Essential Question: The Spanish Civil War Chapter 23.4 Notes Questions: Notes: Spain: World War I: Neutral. pact in which Chamberlain accepted the seperation of the Sudetenland from the Czechs. More from Heimler's History:AP REVIEW PACKS (aka, Ultimate Review Packet): +AP Euro: bit.ly/3DHtvz1+AP Government: https://bit.ly/377xQMD+APUSH: https://bit.. In 1939, the Fascist forces won (with help from Italy and Germany). a worldwide economic downturn which started in October of 1929 and lasted through most of the 1930s. Last Saturday my grandmother's twin sisters, Aunt Maeve and Aunt Margaret, celebrated their sixtyeth birthdays in an enormous family gathering at La Vista Park. The 33rd U.S. president, who succeeded Franklin D. Roosevelt upon Roosevelt's death in April 1945. The wars end brought a period of dictatorship that lasted until the mid-1970s. leader of the American forces in Europe during WWII leader of troops in Africa and commander in D Day invasion, Italian fascist who rules after Mussolini and with whom the US negotiates a surrender (so much for unconditional surrender--Stalin embittered). Youve successfully purchased a group discount. The main antagonists were the Nationalists under Gen. Francisco Franco and the Republicans underFrancisco Largo Caballero and, later, Juan Negrn. Ferried back to Spain in Italian ships, under the leadership of the general Francisco Franco, the Nationalists, as they were called, took control of the Spanish central region, which supported the rising. The U.S. Army in the Pacific had been pursuing an "island-hopping" campaign, moving north from Australia towards Japan. $24.99 We're sorry, SparkNotes Plus isn't available in your country. In foreign policy, his government was divided between the traditional anti-militarism of the French left and the urgency of the rising threat of Nazi Germany. The trials were held in the city of Nuremberg, Germany, from 1945 to 1949, at the Nuremberg Palace of Justice. Her most famous works include the novels Mrs. Dalloway (1925), To the Lighthouse (1927), and Orlando (1928), and the book-length essay A Room of One's Own (1929) with its famous dictum, "a woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction". AP European History: Post-War Europe {{cp.topicAssetIdToProgress[11397].percentComplete}}% complete fast, maneuverable British fighter plane that helped England win the Battle of Britain. This man led the Fascists, fighting republican forces. Truman, Churchill, and Stalin discussed the future of Europe but their failure to reach meaningful agreements soon led to the onset of the Cold War. The Three Emperor's League consisted of Francis Joseph of Austria-Hungary, William I of Germany, and Alexander II of Russia but was formed mainly by Julius Andrssy, Bismarck, and Prince Gorchakov to keep peace between Austria-Hungary and Russia and to keep the conservative European forces together. Germany and Italy intervened in the long, complicated Spanish Civil War, where their support eventually helped General Francisco Franco's fascist movement defeat republican Spain (Spain's only official aid came from the U.S.S.R) . a cultural movement that began in the mid-1920s, and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members. They laid siege to it but were unable to get beyond the University City area. Much of the early research was done in New York City by refugee physicists in the United States. The final Republican offensive stalled at the Ebro River on November 18, 1938. These were delivered along with the usual political commissars, urging allegiance to the partly line.